{"id":213,"date":"2018-02-15T03:29:00","date_gmt":"2018-02-15T03:29:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/malwrforensics.com\/en\/?p=213"},"modified":"2018-02-16T02:45:25","modified_gmt":"2018-02-16T02:45:25","slug":"lpic-1-2nd-post","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/malwrforensics.com\/en\/2018\/02\/15\/lpic-1-2nd-post\/","title":{"rendered":"LPIC Journey Part I"},"content":{"rendered":"

Becoming a certified Linux Administrator it means you can perform maintenance tasks with the command line, install and configure a computer running Linux and be able to configure basic networking. Lots of infrmation is on Linux Professional Institute website<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The certification is valid for 5 years afer successfully passing LPI 201 and LPI 202 exams, which are 60 multiple-choice and fill-in-the-blank questions in 90 minutes.<\/p>\n

Sounds pretty straight forward, right?<\/p>\n

It depends on your professional background, time available, ability to learn, to memorize and make connections. Yep, memorizing is key for these exams. If you ever worked with the command line, you would know how many options are there for one command. As an example, have a look at how many options the ls command has, by quickly typing man ls in your terminal:<\/p>\n

ls syntax<\/h2>\n
ls [OPTION<\/i>]... [FILE<\/i>]...<\/pre>\n
Description<\/h2>\n
List information about the\u00a0FILE<\/i>s (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabetically if none of\u00a0-cftuvSUX<\/b>\u00a0nor\u00a0–sort<\/b>\u00a0is specified.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
-a<\/b>,\u00a0–all<\/b><\/td>\nDo not ignore entries starting with “.<\/b>“, providing visibility to hidden files (those starting with a “.”)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-A<\/b>,\u00a0–almost-all<\/b><\/td>\nDo not list implied “.<\/b>” and “..<\/b>“.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
–author<\/b><\/td>\nWith\u00a0-l<\/b>, print the author of each file.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-b<\/b>,\u00a0–escape<\/b><\/td>\nPrint\u00a0C<\/a>-style escapes for nongraphic characters.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
–block-size=<\/b>SIZE<\/i><\/td>\nScale sizes by\u00a0SIZE<\/i>\u00a0before printing them. For example, ‘–block-size=M<\/b>‘ prints sizes in units of 1,048,576\u00a0bytes<\/a>. See\u00a0SIZE format<\/a>below.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-B<\/b>,\u00a0–ignore-backups<\/b><\/td>\nDo not list implied entries ending with “~<\/b>“.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-c<\/b><\/td>\nWith\u00a0-lt:<\/b>, sort by and show the\u00a0ctime<\/b>\u00a0(time of last modification of file status information); with\u00a0-l:<\/b>, show\u00a0ctime<\/b>\u00a0and sort by name; otherwise: sort by\u00a0ctime<\/b>, newest first.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-C<\/b><\/td>\nList entries by columns.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
–color<\/b>[=<\/b>WHEN<\/i>]<\/td>\nColorize the output.\u00a0WHEN<\/i>\u00a0defaults to ‘always<\/b>‘ or can be ‘never<\/b>‘ or ‘auto<\/b>‘.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-d<\/b>,\u00a0–directory<\/b><\/td>\nList directory entries instead of contents, and do not dereference\u00a0symbolic links<\/a>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-D<\/b>,\u00a0–dired<\/b><\/td>\nGenerate output designed for\u00a0Emacs<\/a>‘ dired mode.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-f<\/b><\/td>\nDo not sort, enable\u00a0-aU<\/b>, and disable\u00a0-ls –color<\/b>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-F<\/b>,\u00a0–classify<\/b><\/td>\nAppend indicator (one of\u00a0*\/=>@|<\/b>) to entries.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
–file-type<\/b><\/td>\nSimilar to\u00a0–classify<\/b>, except do not append ‘*<\/b>‘<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
–format=<\/b>WORD<\/i><\/td>\nFormats according to the following: across\u00a0-x<\/b>, commas\u00a0-m<\/b>, horizontal\u00a0-x<\/b>, long\u00a0-l<\/b>, single-column\u00a0-1<\/b>, verbose\u00a0-l<\/b>, vertical\u00a0-C<\/b>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
–full-time<\/b><\/td>\nLike\u00a0-l –time-style=full-iso<\/b>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-g<\/b><\/td>\nLike\u00a0-l<\/b>, but do not list owner.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
–group-directories-first<\/b><\/td>\nGroup directories before files. Can be augmented with a\u00a0–sort<\/b>option, but any use of\u00a0–sort=none<\/b>\u00a0(-U<\/b>) disables grouping.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-G<\/b>,\u00a0–no-group<\/b><\/td>\nIn a long listing, don’t print group names.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-h<\/b>,\u00a0–human-readable<\/b><\/td>\nWith\u00a0-l<\/b>, print sizes in human-readable format (e.g.,\u00a01K<\/b>,\u00a0234M<\/b>,\u00a02G<\/b>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
–si<\/b><\/td>\nLike\u00a0–human-readable<\/b>, but use powers of 1000, not 1024.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-H<\/b>,\u00a0–dereference-command-line<\/b><\/td>\nFollow symbolic links listed on the command line.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
–dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir<\/b><\/td>\nFollow each command line symbolic link that points to a directory.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
–hide=<\/b>PATTERN<\/i><\/td>\nDo not list implied entries matching shell\u00a0PATTERN<\/i>\u00a0(overridden by\u00a0-a<\/b>\u00a0or\u00a0-A<\/b>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
–indicator-style=<\/b>WORD<\/i><\/td>\nAppend indicator with style\u00a0WORD<\/i>\u00a0to entry names:\u00a0none<\/b>\u00a0(default),\u00a0slash<\/b>\u00a0(-p<\/b>),\u00a0file-type<\/b>\u00a0(–file-type<\/b>),\u00a0classify<\/b>\u00a0(-F<\/b>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-i<\/b>,\u00a0–inode<\/b><\/td>\nPrint the index number of each file.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-I<\/b>,\u00a0–ignore=<\/b>PATTERN<\/i><\/td>\nDo not list implied entries matching shell\u00a0PATTERN<\/i>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-k<\/b>,\u00a0–kibibytes<\/b><\/td>\nUse 1024-byte blocks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-l<\/b><\/td>\nUse a long listing format.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-L<\/b>,\u00a0–dereference<\/b><\/td>\nWhen showing file information for a symbolic link, show information for the file the link references rather than for the link itself.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-m<\/b><\/td>\nFill width with a comma separated list of entries.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-n<\/b>,\u00a0–numeric-uid-gid<\/b><\/td>\nLike\u00a0-l<\/b>, but list numeric user and group IDs.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-N<\/b>,\u00a0–literal<\/b><\/td>\nPrint raw entry names (don’t treat e.g., control characters specially).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-o<\/b><\/td>\nLike\u00a0-l<\/b>, but do not list group information.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-p<\/b>,\u00a0–indicator-style=<\/b>slash<\/i><\/td>\nAppend “\/<\/b>” indicator to directories<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-q<\/b>,\u00a0–hide-control-chars<\/b><\/td>\nPrint\u00a0?<\/b>\u00a0instead of non graphic characters.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
–show-control-chars<\/b><\/td>\nShow non graphic characters as-is (default unless program is ‘ls<\/b>‘ and output is a terminal).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-Q<\/b>,\u00a0–quote-name<\/b><\/td>\nEnclose entry names in double quotes.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
–quoting-style=<\/b>WORD<\/i><\/td>\nUse quoting style\u00a0WORD<\/i>\u00a0for entry names:\u00a0literal<\/b>,\u00a0locale<\/b>,\u00a0shell<\/b>,\u00a0shell-always<\/b>,\u00a0c<\/b>,\u00a0escape<\/b>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-r<\/b>,\u00a0–reverse<\/b><\/td>\nReverse order while sorting.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-R<\/b>,\u00a0–recursive<\/b><\/td>\nList subdirectories\u00a0recursively<\/a>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-s<\/b>,\u00a0–size<\/b><\/td>\nPrint the allocated size of each file, in blocks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-S<\/b><\/td>\nSort by file size.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
–sort=<\/b>WORD<\/i><\/td>\nSort by WORD instead of name:\u00a0none<\/b>\u00a0(-U<\/b>),\u00a0extension<\/b>\u00a0(-X<\/b>),\u00a0size<\/b>\u00a0(-S<\/b>),\u00a0time<\/b>\u00a0(-t<\/b>),\u00a0version<\/b>\u00a0(-v<\/b>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
–time=<\/b>WORD<\/i><\/td>\nWith\u00a0-l<\/b>, show time as\u00a0WORD<\/i>\u00a0instead of modification time: “atime<\/b>” (-u<\/b>), “access<\/b>” (-u<\/b>), “use<\/b>” (-u<\/b>), “ctime<\/b>” (-c<\/b>), or “status<\/b>” (-c<\/b>); use specified time as sort key if\u00a0–sort=time<\/b>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
–time-style=<\/b>STYLE<\/i><\/td>\nWith\u00a0-l<\/b>, show times using style\u00a0STYLE<\/i>.<\/p>\n
STYLE<\/i>\u00a0may be one of: “full-iso<\/b>“, “long-iso<\/b>“, “iso<\/b>“, “locale<\/b>“, “+<\/b>FORMAT<\/i>“.<\/p>\n
FORMAT<\/i>\u00a0is interpreted like ‘date<\/b>‘; if\u00a0FORMAT<\/i>\u00a0is “FORMAT1<\/b><newline>FORMAT2<\/b>“,\u00a0FORMAT1<\/b>\u00a0applies to non-recent files and\u00a0FORMAT2<\/b>\u00a0to recent files; if\u00a0STYLE<\/i>\u00a0is prefixed with ‘posix-<\/b>‘,\u00a0STYLE<\/i>\u00a0takes effect only outside the\u00a0POSIX<\/a>\u00a0locale.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-t<\/b><\/td>\nSort by modification time, newest first.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-T<\/b>,\u00a0–tabsize=<\/b>COLS<\/td>\nAssume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-u<\/b><\/td>\nWith\u00a0-lt:<\/b>, sort by and show access time; with\u00a0-l:<\/b>\u00a0show access time and sort by name; otherwise: sort by access time.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-U<\/b><\/td>\nDo not sort; list entries in directory order.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-v<\/b><\/td>\nNatural sort of (version) numbers within text.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-w<\/b>,\u00a0–width=<\/b>COLS<\/td>\nAssume screen width\u00a0COLS<\/i>\u00a0instead of current value.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-x<\/b><\/td>\nList entries by lines instead of by columns.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-X<\/b><\/td>\nSort alphabetically by entry extension.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-Z<\/b>,\u00a0–context<\/b><\/td>\nPrint any SELinux security context of each file.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-1<\/b><\/td>\nList one file per line.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
–help<\/b><\/td>\nDisplay a help message and exit.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
–version<\/b><\/td>\nDisplay version information and exit.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
I found an useful ‘dictionary’ of bash commands here\u00a0https:\/\/ss64.com\/bash\/<\/a><\/p>\n
A while ago, there was only one exam, but I think I prefer it broken down in two parts, like it is now. They say the first exam is easier to pass than the second one and I heard many saying they only practice questions and memorize the answers. It doesn’t work for me and it wouldn’t be feasible in the long run. I am the one that reads the forward and the aknowledgements, so you can get an idea :))<\/p>\n
In real life work situations it’s unlikely to come across only exam based issues and my goal is not passing an exam, but rather become a self sufficient Linux Admin.<\/p>\n
The Objectives of LPIC-1 Exam 101 are:<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. System Architecture<\/li>\n
  2. Linux Installation and Package Management<\/li>\n
  3. GNU and Unix Commands<\/li>\n
  4. Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    I will not get into Exam 102 objectives for now, one bridge at a time \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n
    ‘Til next time, a fun fact about Linux:\u00a0Google has its own Linux Distribution for its internal Employees. Its called Goobuntu<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    Becoming a certified Linux Administrator it means you can perform maintenance tasks with the command line, install and configure a computer running Linux and be able to configure basic networking. Lots of infrmation is on Linux Professional Institute website. The certification is valid for 5 years afer successfully passing LPI 201 and LPI 202 exams, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-213","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[]}},"featured_image_urls_v2":{"full":"","thumbnail":"","medium":"","medium_large":"","large":"","1536x1536":"","2048x2048":""},"post_excerpt_stackable_v2":"
    Becoming a certified Linux Administrator it means you can perform maintenance tasks with the command line, install and configure a computer running Linux and be able to configure basic networking. Lots of infrmation is on Linux Professional Institute website. The certification is valid for 5 years afer successfully passing LPI 201 and LPI 202 exams, which are 60 multiple-choice and fill-in-the-blank questions in 90 minutes. Sounds pretty straight forward, right? It depends on your professional background, time available, ability to learn, to memorize and make connections. Yep, memorizing is key for these exams. If you ever worked with the command…<\/p>\n","category_list_v2":"Linux+<\/a>","author_info_v2":{"name":"Elena Saygo","url":"https:\/\/malwrforensics.com\/en\/author\/elenas\/"},"comments_num_v2":"0 comments","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/malwrforensics.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/213","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/malwrforensics.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/malwrforensics.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/malwrforensics.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/malwrforensics.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=213"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/malwrforensics.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/213\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":222,"href":"https:\/\/malwrforensics.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/213\/revisions\/222"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/malwrforensics.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=213"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/malwrforensics.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=213"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/malwrforensics.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=213"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}